• Equity Joint Venture: A Company, with limited liability, set up by a Chinese company and a foreign investor, is an Equity Joint Venture. The parties share profits and losses in proportion to their respective contributions to Joint Venture's registered capital. Starting from 2001, Equity Joint Ventures are governed by the Law of the PRC on Joint Ventures using Chinese and Foreign Investment.
• Co-operative Joint Venture: The Law of the PRC on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Co-operative Enterprises governs Co-operative Joint Ventures. A Co-operative Joint Venture is similar to an Equity Joint Venture in many respects, and many of the same regulations apply. However, principal features that distinguish a Co-operative Joint Venture from an Equity Joint Venture include the following: Co-operative Joint Venture does not have to be a legal entity. The concept of registered capital is less clear than that in the case of an Equity Joint Venture. Participants in a Co-operative Joint Venture are allowed to share profit on agreed basis, not necessarily in proportion to capital contribution. During the term of the venture, the foreign participant in a Co-operative Joint Venture may recover its investment, provided that the JV contract specifies that all fixed assets will become the property of the Chinese participant at the end of the joint venture.
• Joint Venture - Registration: The foreign investor and its Chinese partner must apply to MOFTEC, or one of its local branches (the "approval authorities"), for
  The Power of Positive Thinking and Your Business
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  . The parties share profits and losses in proportion to their respective contributions to Joint Venture's registered capital. Starting from 2001, Equity Joint Ventures are governed by the Law of the PRC on Joint Ventures using Chinese and Foreign Investment.
• Co-operative Joint Venture: The Law of the PRC on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Co-operative Enterprises governs Co-operative Joint Ventures. A Co-operative Joint Venture is similar to an Equity Joint Venture in many respects, and many of the same regulations apply. However, principal features that distinguish a Co-operative Joint Venture from an Equity Joint Venture include the following: Co-operative Joint Venture does not have to be a legal entity. The concept of registered capital is less clear than that in the case of an Equity Joint Venture. Participants in a Co-operative Joint Venture are allowed to share profit on agreed basis, not necessarily in proportion to capital contribution. During the term of the venture, the foreign participant in a Co-operative Joint Venture may recover its investment, provided that the JV contract specifies that all fixed assets will become the property of the Chinese participant at the end of the joint venture.
• Joint Venture - Registration: The foreign investor and its Chinese partner must apply to MOFTEC, or one of its local branches (the "approval authorities"), for
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  Picture this…The typical business owner starts a business. Usually it’s just them by themselves or maybe one or two other people.They do a great job. As the number of staff is small everyone is working together and they are getting things done.They become successful and it’s time to employ some more people.A couple more people are employed – but some cracks start to appear.As the business employs some more staff – the cracks become wider and wider.Soon the business owner notices that there’s not much money being made by the business.There’s staff problems.There may be some customers complaining. Some customers may even be lost.Things just aren’t working anymore.The bu
  operative Enterprises governs Co-operative Joint Ventures. A Co-operative Joint Venture is similar to an Equity Joint Venture in many respects, and many of the same regulations apply. However, principal features that distinguish a Co-operative Joint Venture from an Equity Joint Venture include the following: Co-operative Joint Venture does not have to be a legal entity. The concept of registered capital is less clear than that in the case of an Equity Joint Venture. Participants in a Co-operative Joint Venture are allowed to share profit on agreed basis, not necessarily in proportion to capital contribution. During the term of the venture, the foreign participant in a Co-operative Joint Venture may recover its investment, provided that the JV contract specifies that all fixed assets will become the property of the Chinese participant at the end of the joint venture.
• Joint Venture - Registration: The foreign investor and its Chinese partner must apply to MOFTEC, or one of its local branches (the "approval authorities"), for
  Contractor Estimating - What They Need To Know
  There are many different types of contractors. Each type has specific guidelines that they must follow.In the construction industry, the guidelines can be very strict. In today busy world, those who are in the market for a contractor do not want to take any chances of hiring someone that is not properly trained. They prefer to hire someone who has a degree in one of five different fields. These fields are building construction, construction science, construction management, architecture or engineering.Many construction estimators who work in the contractor-estimating field have extensive experience in construction this knowledge comes from working in the construction industry for many years.Most consumers have littl
  e to be a legal entity. The concept of registered capital is less clear than that in the case of an Equity Joint Venture. Participants in a Co-operative Joint Venture are allowed to share profit on agreed basis, not necessarily in proportion to capital contribution. During the term of the venture, the foreign participant in a Co-operative Joint Venture may recover its investment, provided that the JV contract specifies that all fixed assets will become the property of the Chinese participant at the end of the joint venture.
• Joint Venture - Registration: The foreign investor and its Chinese partner must apply to MOFTEC, or one of its local branches (the "approval authorities"), for
  Oh, Behave -- 10 Tips to Resolve Employee Conflicts
  Put many different people together in one place, day after day after day, and conflicts are bound to happen. Most people work them out on their own, but what happens when the conflict doesn't go away and threatens the productivity of your entire staff or team?We've all seen it – Mary isn't speaking to Susan; Ted and Tom can't be put on the same project; Bill goes behind Karen's back and "forgets" to include her in project discussions. Some days, it's like working in a kindergarten. As the manager, what is your role in resolving workplace conflicts?The knee-jerk response of most managers is to overlook the conflict, in the hopes that it will go away. After all, we think, these people are adults; I shouldn't have to tell the
  nture may recover its investment, provided that the JV contract specifies that all fixed assets will become the property of the Chinese participant at the end of the joint venture.
• Joint Venture - Registration: The foreign investor and its Chinese partner must apply to MOFTEC, or one of its local branches (the "approval authorities"), for approval to set up a JV. The law requires MOFTEC to decide within three months whether to grant approval. If the JV is approved, it must be registered within one month with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC) to obtain a license to start business. An Equity Joint Venture is regarded as having been officially established after this license is issued.

Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise: Under the 1986 Chinese Law of the PRC on Enterprises Operated Exclusively with Foreign Capital, foreign companies are allowed to establish Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises (WFOEs).

WFOE is treated as Chinese limited liability entity wholly owned by a foreign investor and is not a branch of a foreign company. However, in accordance with state policies and the Foreign Investment Catalogue, WFOEs are excluded in certain industries.

The approval and registration requirements to establish a WFOE are similar as those for JV's, except that there is no JV contract.

Representative Offices: Representative offices are normally set up to carry out liaison work of its parent office overseas. They are limited by regulations in establishing manufacturing operations or a sales network in China. Special tax rules are applied to representative offices.

Foreign investors in China must obtain various government approval